Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41984760›Full record

SynthesisPloS one2026

Ultra-processed food consumption and the risk of overweight and obesity in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mekuriaw Nibret Aweke, Habtamu Wagnew Abuhay, Miteku Andualem Limenih, Anas Ali Alhur, Nebebe Demis Baykemagn, Gebrie Getu Alemu, Makda Fekadie Tewelgne, Tirualem Zeleke Yehuala

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mekuriaw Nibret AwekeDepartment of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-6435
Habtamu Wagnew AbuhayDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Miteku Andualem LimenihDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Anas Ali AlhurCollege of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Nebebe Demis BaykemagnDepartment of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9403-6915
Gebrie Getu AlemuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9451-2128
Makda Fekadie TewelgneDepartment of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Tirualem Zeleke YehualaDepartment of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionOverweight and obesity during early life increase the risk of premature morbidity and mortality. Adolescent obesity raises the likelihood of developing cardiovascular risk factors, including prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, liver disease, and metabolic syndrome. Sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy diets are major contributors, with one of the fastest-growing unhealthy eating patterns being the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs). No systematic review and meta-analysis has specifically examined the association between UPF consumption and overweight/obesity in adolescents.

objectiveTo systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of available evidence on the association between UPF consumption and overweight or obesity among adolescents.

methodsWe searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, HINARI, Google, and Google Scholar for primary studies reporting UPF consumption and overweight/obesity outcomes in adolescents, without restrictions on language or study period. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochrane's Q test and the I² statistic. Publication bias and small-study effects were assessed using Egger's regression test (p < 0.05). A random-effects model estimated pooled associations.

resultsTwenty-three studies involving 155,000 adolescents were included. Adolescents with higher UPF consumption had 63% greater odds of overweight or obesity compared with those with lower intake (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.36-1.95).

conclusionHigh UPF consumption is associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity among adolescents. Public health strategies targeting reduced UPF intake and promotion of healthier diets should be prioritized to prevent adolescent overweight/obesity and associated health risks.

Indexed as

Fast FoodsOverweightPediatric ObesityAdolescentFemaleHumansMaleRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID41984760
PMCPMC13082653

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.