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ArticleTAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik2026

Genetic basis of natural variation for photosynthetic pigments in Brassica juncea leaves and silique walls under differing photoperiod conditions.

Aaftab Alam Ansari, Sanjula Sharma, Javed Akhatar, Harjeevan Kaur, Surinder S Banga, Chhaya Atri

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Article in TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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6 authors.

Aaftab Alam AnsariDepartment of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
Sanjula SharmaDepartment of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
Javed AkhatarDepartment of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
Harjeevan KaurGurdev Singh Khush Institute of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
Surinder S BangaDepartment of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
Chhaya AtriDepartment of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. chhayaatri@pau.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7187-7131

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

key messageCritical genes underlying variations in photosynthetic pigments and productivity-related traits were identified. We also identified 88 zones of collinearity in the A-genomes of B. juncea and B. napus, which harboured the same photosynthetic genes. Chlorophylls and carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis, phenotypic plasticity, and environmental resilience in plants, but the natural variation of these pigments has largely remained underexplored and underutilized. We employed a forward genetics approach on 286 genotypes of mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern), a crop known for its oil, condiments, and vegetables, to identify the genes responsible for variation for these traits. The test genotypes were evaluated in three environments that varied in sunlight hours, irradiance, and temperatures during the vegetative and early pod formation stages of the crop. The studies revealed a wide but continuous variation with strong genotype-environment interactions. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) found 507 marker trait associations (MTAs) for photosynthesis pigments, 28 for seed yield, and 83 for oil content. The annotation of 150 kb of genome space around associated SNPs facilitated the prediction of 88 candidate genes; 28 of these were projected repeatedly over the traits and environments, 15 of these could be validated through associative transcriptomics. Prediction of candidate genes with roles in minimizing excess energy dissipation (DAL1), adjusting chlorophyll b levels (IM, CGA1), or regulating antenna size (AT3G56290) was especially important. We also catalogued cis-regulatory elements such as G-box, circadian elements, HD-Zip-1 binding sites, and various light-responsive motifs for several candidate genes. Synteny and evolutionary analyses based on the predicted genes identified 88 zones of collinearity with the Brassica napus-A genome, including genes related to photosynthetic pigments, which could be useful for improving photosynthetic efficiency through plant breeding and bioengineering methods.

Indexed as

Mustard PlantPhotoperiodPhotosynthesisPlant LeavesCarotenoidsChlorophyllChromosome MappingGene-Environment InteractionGenetic VariationGenome-Wide Association StudyGenotypePhenotypePolymorphism, Single NucleotideQuantitative Trait LociSeedsCarotenoidsChlorophyll

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.