ArticleArthritis care & research2026
Real-World Longitudinal Data on the Impact of Hydroxychloroquine Blood Level Monitoring on Lupus Outcomes: Results of a Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.
Article in Arthritis care & research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Increasing the utilisation of hydroxychloroquine blood level testing in lupus: a quality improvement project.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a cornerstone therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the weight-based dosing does not account for clinical factors that can introduce individual variability in drug metabolism and clearance. We leveraged longitudinal data from a prospective SLE cohort to identify clinical factors that predict significant variations in HCQ blood levels despite weight-based HCQ dosing, and we examined if maintaining therapeutic HCQ levels (750-1,150 ng/mL) improved SLE outcomes.
methodsWe analyzed 962 visits from 247 patients in a prospective SLE cohort. Generalized linear mixed models with random intercepts and slopes assessed associations among variables such as chronic kidney disease, HCQ dose, and HCQ blood levels over time. Next, within- and between-subject decomposition models evaluated the impact of intra- and inter-individual changes in HCQ blood levels and therapeutic HCQ blood levels on active SLE and flares over time.
resultsAt baseline visit, the mean patient age was 47 years; 91% were female, 66% were White, 45% had subtherapeutic HCQ levels (<750 ng/mL), and 79% received an HCQ dose of ≤5 mg/kg/day. Despite receiving 5 mg/kg/day, patients with kidney function ≤75 mL/min/1.73m
conclusionHCQ blood level monitoring could improve SLE control, particularly in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤75, and enable optimal HCQ use.
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