ReviewExtracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids2026
Extracellular vesicle-based therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury.
Review in Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recent Advances in Diversified Materials for Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Synergistic effects of tanshinone IIA and mesenchymal stem cells on neuroprotection, cardiovascular repair, tissue regeneration, muscle protein synthesis, and gut microbiota modulation across neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and regenerative disease models.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling disorder of the central nervous system for which no curative therapy is currently available. In recent years, extracellular vesicles - particularly exosomes - have been investigated as cell-free therapeutic approaches in experimental models, owing to their low immunogenicity, favorable biocompatibility and capacity to traverse the blood-spinal cord barrier under specific conditions or delivery routes. This Review summarizes the therapeutic activities and mechanisms of exosomes from diverse sources - including mesenchymal stem cells, immune cells and neural cells - in SCI repair. Reported mechanisms include modulation of the inflammatory microenvironment; inhibition of apoptosis and pyroptosis; mitigation of ferroptosis; promotion of angiogenesis and axonal regeneration; and restriction of glial scar formation. We also discuss advances aimed at enhancing exosome efficacy through cell preconditioning, engineering strategies and integration with biomaterials. Although exosome-based approaches are promising, challenges remain in standardization, targeted delivery and long-term safety. Future work should elucidate the underlying mechanisms and advance clinical translation to robustly evaluate the therapeutic potential of exosomes for SCI repair.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.