ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2026
From standard to individualized diazoxide therapy in congenital hyperinsulinism: a narrative review.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phenotypic Spectrum of HNF4α-Associated Fanconi Renotubular Syndrome.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Diazoxide-Responsive Congenital Hyperinsulinism in a Preterm Infant With HomozygousCase reports in endocrinology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the commonest cause of persistent hypoglycaemia in neonates and infants (blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L in first 2-3 days of life; <3.5 mmol/L after 3 days of life). Diazoxide demonstrates variable efficacy depending on the underlying genetic variant and clinical phenotype. Diazoxide has been associated with side effects that are likely dose dependent. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on diazoxide's pharmacokinetics and side effect profile to support the development of individualised dosing strategies guided by genotype and patient-specific risk factors, with the aim of optimizing therapeutic outcomes and minimizing adverse effects. Methodology: A structured PubMed search was performed to review diazoxide use in hyperinsulinism (HI). Articles not involving neonatal HI, not specifying diazoxide dosing or focusing on alternative therapies were excluded. Addition articles were identified through reference screening or hand searched. Results: Traditional diazoxide dosing (5-15 mg/kg/day) is being challenged by emerging evidence supporting the benefits of lower starting doses (2-5 mg/kg/day), particularly in neonates with transient HI or specific genetic variants such as Conclusion: Individualized dosing based on clinical phenotype and genotype can improve safety and effectiveness in CHI management. Lower initial doses are recommended in patients with propensity for diazoxide sensitivity or risk factors for adverse events, while more rapid escalation may be warranted in suspected diazoxide-resistant cases.
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