Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41981712›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Traumatic brain injury and risk of early-onset dementia: A population-based cohort study.

Aishwarya Saravanan, Katherine Giorgio, Natalia Lakomski, Andrea L C Schneider, Barbara A Olson-Bullis, Behnam Sabayan, James S Pankow, Paul S de Vries, Kristine Yaffe, Alexa Beiser and 11 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Aishwarya SaravananDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Katherine GiorgioDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1815-4732
Natalia LakomskiDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Andrea L C SchneiderDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Barbara A Olson-BullisHealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA.
Behnam SabayanHennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
James S PankowDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Paul S de VriesHuman Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Kristine YaffeDepartments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.
Alexa BeiserDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Abbas DehghanImperial College London School of Public Health, London, UK.
Elizabeth A PetersonDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Rachel ZmoraDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
John J StephenDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Denise ScholtensDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Maxwell MansolfDepartment of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Lenore J LaunerNational Institutes of Health National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Richard F MacLehoseDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Pamela L LutseyDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Norrina B AllenDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Sanaz SedaghatDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8296-1811

Funding

Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: A Population-Based Approach to Identify Characteristics and Risk FactorsR01AG079108 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI Sanaz Sedaghat · 2023 to 2026
$2.8M
Dementia Risk Prediction Pooling ProjectR33NS120245 · NINDS · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI ALLEN, NORRINA BAI · 2022 to 2024
$2.1M
Dementia Risk Prediction Pooling ProjectR61NS120245 · NINDS · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI ALLEN, NORRINA BAI · 2020 to 2020
$1.6M
Establishing Mechanisms Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Dementia Using Epidemiology, Clinical Studies, Blood-Based Biomarkers, and Neuroimaging BiomarkersK23NS123340 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Andrea Lauren Christman Schneider · 2022 to 2026
$1.1M
Mentoring and Research in Patient-Oriented Cardiovascular PharmacoepidemiologyK24HL159246 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI PAMELA L. Lutsey · 2021 to 2026
$644k
American Federation for Aging ResearchMcKnight Brain Research FoundationNational Institute for Neurologic Disorders and Stroke 1R61NS120245-01/R33NS120245National Institute for Neurologic Disorders and Stroke NINDS K23NS123340NHLBI NIH HHS K24 HL159246NIA NIH HHS R01 AG079108NINDS NIH HHS K23 NS123340NINDS NIH HHS R33 NS120245NINDS NIH HHS R61 NS120245U.S. National Institutes of Health National Institute on Aging (NIH/NIA) R01AG079108-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionWe investigated the association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and incidence of early-onset dementia (EOD) versus late-onset dementia (LOD).

methodsWe included 501,710 UK Biobank participants (average age 56.5). Over a median 13.6 years of follow-up, 836 developed EOD (before 65) and 8947 developed LOD (after 65). We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for TBI's association with EOD and LOD using Cox proportional hazard models with TBI as a time-varying exposure and coefficient.

resultsTBI was associated with higher risk of both EOD (HR: 4.06 [95% confidence interval: 3.13, 5.26]) and LOD (HR: 2.51 [2.31, 2.72]. Among participants included in both EOD and LOD analyses, the effect estimate was higher for EOD (3.41 vs. 2.80), but the difference was not statistically significant. The association of TBI with EOD was stronger in those with more severe TBIs. DISCUSSION: TBI is associated with an increased risk of EOD, with a higher risk observed in more severe injuries. HIGHLIGHTS: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant risk factor for early-onset dementia (EOD). TBI was analyzed as a time-varying exposure and time-varying coefficient. Moderate/severe/penetrating TBIs have a heightened risk of developing EOD. TBI is more strongly associated with an earlier age cut-off for dementia.

Indexed as

Brain Injuries, TraumaticDementiaAdultAgedAge of OnsetCohort StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsUnited Kingdomearly‐onset dementialate‐onset dementiamild traumatic brain injuryrisk factortraumatic brain injury

Identifiers

PMID41981712
PMCPMC13079064

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.