ArticleJournal of translational medicine2026
Dendritic cell-derived exosomes from PDT-treated glioma cells enhance antitumor immunity as a subcellular vaccine.
Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The promising cancer treatment approach in cancer immunotherapy: dendritic cell-based vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGlioma is a highly aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) induces antitumor immunity, a key mechanism of its efficacy. Dendritic cell-derived exosomes (Dexs) are crucial for tumor antigen presentation and T-cell activation. Dexs represent a promising cell-free strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Understanding the role of Dexs in PDT-induced immunity may enhance PDT efficacy.
methodsGL261 glioma cells were subjected to PDT, followed by co-culture with dendritic cells (DC) to obtain PDT-Dexs. Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to assess the effects of PDT-Dexs on DC maturation and T-cell activation. MicroRNA sequencing was performed on PDT-Dexs. The effect of PDT-Dexs on tumor growth and survival was evaluated in immune-competent and immune-deficient glioma model mice.
resultsCo-incubation with PDT-Dexs significantly increased DC maturation and T-cell activation. Sequencing revealed 156 up-regulated microRNAs, miR-152-3p was validated as a key functional miRNA that promotes DC maturation by targeting DNMT1 to upregulate MyD88 expression. PDT-Dexs entered the systemic circulation, increasing the serum IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α levels. In immunocompetent mice, PDT-Dexs increased CD3 + CD4+ and CD3 + CD8+ T-cell percentages, slowed tumor growth, prolonged survival, and were associated with enhanced CD8 + T-cell infiltration and tumor cell apoptosis. Crucially, PDT-Dexs failed to inhibit tumor growth or improve survival in immunodeficient nude mice.
conclusionsPDT-Dexs promote DC maturation and T-cell activation, improving antitumor immunity and PDT efficacy. Combining of PDT with PDT-Dexs further improves antitumor immunity and PDT efficacy. PDT-Dexs warrants further investigation as a potential strategy for enhancing antitumor immunity in glioma.
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