Trial reportBMC anesthesiology2026
Effect of 16-gauge needle as needle-over-needle guidance introducer in single-operator real-time ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC anesthesiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWe aimed to evaluate the effect of a 16-gauge needle as an introducer in single-operator real-time ultrasound-guided subarachnoid anesthesia.
methodsOne hundred and two parturients undergoing cesarean section were randomized to undergo real-time ultrasound-guided subarachnoid anesthesia either with (group T) or without (group C) a 16-gauge needle as an introducer. The primary outcome was the number of needle passes required for a successful dural puncture. Secondary outcomes included the number of attempts, first pass/attempt success rate, procedure time, parturients’ pain, puncture depth, periprocedural complications, and the quality of sonographic images.
resultsThe median number of needle passes and attempts were significantly lower in group T than in group C [1 (1–2) vs. 2 (1–3), median difference (95% CI): 1 (0–1), P < 0.001; 1 (1–1) vs. 1 (1–1), median difference (95% CI): 0 (0–0), P = 0.042]. The first pass/attempt success rates in group T were significantly higher than in group C (70.6% vs. 35.3%, 100% vs. 88.2%; both, P < 0.001). The total procedural time was shorter in group T [108 (94–130) vs. 123 (100–163) seconds, median difference (95% CI): 15 (3–33), P < 0.016]. No intergroup differences of pain, puncture depth, periprocedural complications and quality of sonographic images were seen.
conclusionsThe application of a 16-gauge needle as an introducer showed improved efficacy in terms of the number of needle passes/attempts, first pass/attempt success rates, and procedural time in real-time ultrasound-guided subarachnoid anesthesia.
trial registrationThe study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration date February 27, 2023 registration number ChiCTR2300068702).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.