Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41981302›Full record

ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2026

Longitudinal associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity with changes in cognitive function in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a prospective matched-control study.

Hui Xiao, Ellen Warner, Jennifer Ryan, Catherine Sabiston, Golnaz Ghazinour, Sarah O'Rourke, Daniel Moore, Timothy Welsh, Linda Trinh

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Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Hui XiaoFaculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Ellen WarnerSunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Jennifer RyanRotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, BaycrestToronto, ON, Canada.
Catherine SabistonFaculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Golnaz GhazinourFaculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sarah O'RourkeFaculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Daniel MooreFaculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Timothy WelshFaculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Linda TrinhFaculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, Canada. linda.trinh@utoronto.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeCancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a common concern among breast cancer (BC) patients receiving chemotherapy, yet predictors of short-term cognitive change remain unclear. This study examined whether baseline cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) moderate changes in objectively assessed cognitive function from pre- to post-chemotherapy in BC patients, compared with age-matched healthy controls.

methodsThis prospective study included assessments at baseline (pre-chemotherapy) and approximately a five-month follow-up (post-chemotherapy). Participants were BC patients with stage I-III disease initiating chemotherapy and age-matched healthy controls. Cognitive function was assessed using the NIH Remote Cognition Toolbox (episodic memory, working memory, language/reading, verbal learning). CRF was measured using a remotely administered 6-min walk test, and MVPA was assessed via accelerometry. Linear mixed-effects models tested group × time × predictor (baseline CRF or MVPA) effects, adjusting for anxiety, depression, and menopausal status.

resultsFifty-five participants were included (BC: n = 32; controls: n = 23). Episodic memory improved over time in both groups (β = 4.69, p = 0.031). Higher baseline CRF was associated with better verbal learning (β = 0.02, p = 0.023), but neither CRF nor MVPA predicted cognitive change over time (all three-way interactions p ≥ 0.05). BC patients scored lower than controls at baseline on working memory and language/reading, while verbal learning improved more in BC patients. BC patients also showed greater declines in MVPA over time.

findingsNo short-term cognitive decline was observed from pre-chemotherapy to approximately 5 months post-chemotherapy. Higher baseline fitness and physical activity were associated with better cognitive performance but did not predict cognitive change. Longer follow-up is needed to clarify treatment-related cognitive trajectories.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsCardiorespiratory FitnessCognitionExerciseAdultAgedCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMiddle AgedProspective StudiesBreast cancerCardiorespiratory fitnessChemotherapyCognitive functionModerate-to-vigorous physical activitySurvivorship

Identifiers

PMID41981302

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.