ArticleScientific reports2026
Carotenoid nanoforms from clementine peel stabilized by xanthan and arabic gums with antioxidant anti inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major global health threat, causing 1.27 million deaths and contributing to nearly 5 million more annually. Citrus fruits are widely cultivated for their nutritional and health benefits, and their pigments may offer additional bioactivity. This study aimed to extract carotenoids from clementine peels and quantify carotene, lycopene, astaxanthin, and anthocyanins using colorimetric methods. The carotenoids were then encapsulated using xanthan-Arabic gums matrices to stabilize the pigments. The native carotenoids and their nanoform were evaluated for antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Clementine peels contained total carotenoids (30.8 mg/kg), anthocyanins (13.69 mg/kg), lycopene (3.12 mg/kg), and astaxanthin (1.60 mg/kg). The physical characterization of the carotenoid nanoparticles was performed using FTIR, confirming interactions between carotenoids and the polymer matrices. Zetasizer analysis revealed a particle size of 17.05 nm and a zeta potential of − 26.7 mV, indicating good stability, while TGA demonstrated thermal stability up to 300 °C. Antioxidant activity ranged from 18.67% to 69.10% (phosphor-molybdenum and DPPH assays). Anti-inflammatory activity showed maximum protein denaturation inhibition at 83.87% (carotenoids), 74.45% (nanoform), and 69.10% (polymers) (p < 0.05). Antimicrobial activity was highest against Listeria monocytogenes (21.3 mm) and Penicillium verrucosum (20 mm), moderate against Escherichia coli (13.0 mm) and Aspergillus flavus (17.0 mm), and lower against Bacillus cereus (10.3 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.3 mm). Overall, xanthan and Arabic gums effectively stabilized carotenoids and enhanced their biological activities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.