Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41980983›Full record

ArticleNPJ science of learning2026

Longitudinal associations between sedentary behavior types and mathematics ability mediated by externalizing and internalizing problems.

Kaiqi Guan, Zhihao Zhang, Zijun Liu, Dominika M Pindus, Charles H Hillman, Qian Yu, Arthur F Kramer, Jin Kuang, Kirk I Erickson, Fabian Herold and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ science of learning, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Kaiqi GuanBody-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.
Zhihao ZhangBody-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.
Zijun LiuSchool of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Dominika M PindusBeckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Charles H HillmanInstitute for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Qian YuBody-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.
Arthur F KramerBeckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Jin KuangBody-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.
Kirk I EricksonAdvent Health Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Advent Health, Orlando, FL, USA.
Fabian HeroldDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany.
Mats HallgrenEpidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance Use and Social Environment (EPiCSS), Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Matthew HeathCanadian Centre for Activity and Aging, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
Ronghuan JiangSchool of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
André O WerneckCenter for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Xia XuBody-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.
Liye ZouBody-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China. liyezou@whsu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study examined the associations between sedentary behavior (SB) at age 11 and mathematics ability at age 17, and assessed the mediating effect of internalizing and externalizing problems at age 14, using UK Millennium Cohort Study data (N = 3622; 53% male). Self-reported frequency of SB (listening to music, Internet use, reading, and playing games) and parental-reported SB duration (time spent on TV viewing and doing homework) were collected at age 11. Behavioral issues were assessed at age 14 via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Mathematics ability was examined at age 17 using the Number Analogies Activity Task. Negative binomial regression and mediation analysis (med4way in Stata) were applied. Among female adolescents, reading, doing homework, and using the Internet were positively associated with mathematics ability. For males, TV viewing was negatively associated with mathematics ability, mediated by internalizing problems. Findings suggest that in children sex-dependent association between SB characteristics and mathematical abilities exists, implying that future initiatives targeting SB may consider leveraging sex-specific interventions.

Identifiers

PMID41980983
PMCPMC13260896

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.