ArticlePsychonomic bulletin & review2026
Simon says "stay in touch": Reachability moderates the effect of irrelevant spatial congruence.
Article in Psychonomic bulletin & review, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
The Simon Effect refers to the finding that simple left-right manual responses tend to be faster and more accurate when the response and stimulus are on the same side (congruent) compared to when they are on opposite sides (incongruent) even though the response is determined by a non-spatial attribute (e.g., color). We compared the Simon Effect with stimuli at reachable and unreachable distances within a virtual reality environment to test its dependence on the potential to interact with the stimulus. We controlled for confounds by matching image size and the viewing angle of stimuli within the environment across groups of participants. The magnitude of the Simon Effect was larger for stimuli in reachable than unreachable locations. These findings held regardless of image-size and viewing-angle conditions. This implies that task-irrelevant spatial congruence, like task-irrelevant motor affordances, is computed in ways that reflect the potential interactions with objects in a three-dimensional world.
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