Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41979759›Full record

ArticleLasers in medical science2026

Optimization of Er: YAG pulse duration and repetition rate for efficient, dentin‑preserving caries removal.

Fangyuan Kong, Fan He, Yaying Zhang, Hao Li, Chenguang Niu, Pengfei Zhang, Yuanfei Fu, Zhengwei Huang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Lasers in medical science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Fangyuan KongDepartment of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
Fan HeDepartment of Dental Technology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
Yaying ZhangDepartment of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
Hao LiDepartment of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
Chenguang NiuDepartment of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
Pengfei ZhangDepartment of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
Yuanfei FuDepartment of Dental Technology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China. fuyf1421@sh9hospital.org.cn.
Zhengwei HuangDepartment of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China. huangzhengwei@shsmu.edu.cn.

Funding

Major and Key Cultivation Projects of Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong university School of Medicine JYZP006National Natural Science Foundation of China 82571073/82071104Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality 23XD1434200/22Y21901000
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo evaluate the effects of pulse duration and repetition rate on Er: YAG laser ablation efficiency and sound dentin preservation in artificial and natural carious models.

methodsFifty-six artificially decalcified dentin specimens were allocated to six Er: YAG laser groups (L1-L6; pulse durations 50-300 µs, repetition rates 20-40 Hz, energies 60-70 mJ) and one rotary bur control (n = 8 each). Twenty-four natural carious molars were assigned to medium-short pulse (MSP: 100 µs, 40 Hz) versus bur or super-short pulse (SSP: 50 µs, 40 Hz) versus bur comparisons (n = 12 pairs each). Sound dentin loss (mm²) and treatment duration (s/mm²) were quantified using standardized radiography or three-dimensional surface scanning, and ablation threshold changes (ΔE = E₁ - E₂) were assessed in natural carious model.

resultsIn the artificial model, L1 (70 mJ, 300 µs, 20 Hz) yielded the lowest sound dentin loss (median 0.040 mm², IQR 0.037-0.043), significantly less than bur (p < 0.001) and short-pulse groups L4 and L6 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.0001). L4 (70 mJ, 50 µs, 40 Hz) achieved the shortest laser treatment duration (mean 190.64 s/mm², SD 36.90; p < 0.05 vs. L1-L3). In natural caries, both MSP and SSP protocols preserved sound dentin comparably to bur (p > 0.05) but required 3.3- and 2.6-fold longer treatment times, respectively (p < 0.0001). Overall, 70% of specimens exhibited ΔE reductions of 5-10 mJ (maximum 20 mJ).

conclusionWithin a conservative energy range, short-pulse, high-repetition-rate Er: YAG settings enhance caries removal efficiency and lower ablation thresholds while preserving sound dentin similarly to rotary burs, supporting their application in minimally invasive deep-caries management.

Indexed as

Dental CariesDental Cavity PreparationDentinLasers, Solid-StateHumansMolarAblation efficiencyCaries removalEr:YAG laserPulse durationRepetition rate

Identifiers

PMID41979759
PMCPMC13079492

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.