Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41979543›Full record

ArticleMenopause (New York, N.Y.)2026

Prospective study of reproductive span and menopausal hormone therapy and cognitive decline over 8 years in the Nurses' Health Study.

Namuunaa Juramt, Jae H Kang, Dong D Wang, Chirag M Vyas, Cheng Peng, Sharon Curhan, Erica T Warner, Oana A Zeleznik, Bernard A Rosner, Molin Wang and 4 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Namuunaa JuramtDepartment of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.ORCID 0009-0007-3880-1590
Jae H KangDepartment of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Dong D WangDepartment of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Chirag M VyasDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Cheng PengDepartment of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Sharon CurhanDepartment of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Erica T WarnerClinical Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Oana A ZeleznikDepartment of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Bernard A RosnerDepartment of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Molin WangDepartment of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Meir J StampferDepartment of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Francine GrodsteinDepartment of Internal Medicine, Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Olivia I OkerekeDepartment of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Audrey Heather EliassenDepartment of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Funding

Long Term Multidisciplinary Study of Cancer in Women: The Nurses Health StudyUM1CA186107 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI ELIASSEN, A. HEATHER, STAMPFER, MEIR · 2014 to 2023
$22.3M
PREVENTING COGNITIVE DECLINE--A PROSPECTIVE STUDYR01AG015424 · NIA · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI GRODSTEIN, FRANCINE · 1999 to 2003
$2.8M
Living beyond cancer: the short- and long-term cognitive effects of breast cancer and its treatment for cancer survivorsK01AG080030 · NIA · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI Cheng Peng · 2023 to 2026
$524k
NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA186107NIA NIH HHS K01 AG080030NIA NIH HHS R01 AG015424
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesHigher endogenous estrogen may be associated with better cognition, but associations with menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) have been inconsistent, possibly due to differences in the timing of use. This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the associations between reproductive span, as a proxy for endogenous estrogen history, MHT use, and cognitive function.

methodsWe assessed cognitive change (1995-2008) with four telephone interviews (primary outcome: global composite score average of six test z -scores) in 14,217 Nurses' Health Study participants (mean age 74.3 y) and examined associations with reproductive span ([age at menopause]-[age at menarche]), and MHT use duration, separately by 0-10 years, and 11+ years after menopause.

resultsA longer reproductive span was associated with better cognitive trajectories (mean annual rate of change difference [95% CI] 41-46 vs. ≤33 y =0.008 [0.00005, 0.015]; P -trend=0.02). MHT use 0-10 years postmenopause was associated with faster decline (mean difference 8-10 vs. 0 y =-0.007 [-0.016, 0.002]; P -trend=0.02); use during 11+ years postmenopause was not associated.

conclusionsAlthough MHT use was not inversely associated, a longer reproductive span was associated with better cognitive trajectories.

Indexed as

CognitionEstrogen Replacement TherapyMenopauseAgedFemaleHumansMiddle AgedNursesProspective StudiesCognitive declineEndogenous estrogen historyMenopausal hormone therapyNurses’ Health StudyReproductive factorsReproductive span

Identifiers

PMID41979543
PMCPMC13617561

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.