Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41978888›Full record

ArticlePeerJ2026

Comparative analysis of cervical spine pain and mobility in car

Aafreen Aafreen, Abdur Raheem Khan, Ashfaque Khan, Ausaf Ahmad, Abdullah Alzahrani, Abdullah Ibrahim Alhusayni, Bsmah H Alfaifi, Salma O Naseeb, Ahmed Ghazwani, Ramzi A Alajam and 2 more

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PeerJ, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Aafreen AafreenDepartment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Integral University Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Abdur Raheem KhanDepartment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Integral University Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Ashfaque KhanDepartment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Integral University Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Ausaf AhmadDepartment of Community Medicine, Kalyan Singh Government Medical College, Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh, India, Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Abdullah AlzahraniDepartment of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah Ibrahim AlhusayniDepartment of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.
Bsmah H AlfaifiDepartment of Physical Therapy, College of Nursing and Health Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Salma O NaseebDepartment of Physical Therapy, College of Nursing and Health Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed GhazwaniDepartment of Physical Therapy, College of Nursing and Health Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Ramzi A AlajamDepartment of Physical Therapy, College of Nursing and Health Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed AlshehriDepartment of Physical Therapy, College of Nursing and Health Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammad Abu ShapheDepartment of Physical Therapy, College of Nursing and Health Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Cervical spine pain, particularly among car and motorbike drivers, is a common musculoskeletal issue due to prolonged static postures and repetitive neck movements. This study investigates the prevalence and correlation between cervical spine pain and mobility in car and motorbike drivers. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, conducted at Integral Hospital and Research Centre, India, 100 participants (50 car drivers and 50 motorbike drivers) were randomly selected with individuals reporting cervical pain. Participants completed demographic information, driving duration, and cervical pain severity and underwent cervical mobility assessments using smartphone-based tools. Statistical analysis was conducted using independent t-tests and Pearson's correlation with 95% confidence intervals and Cohen's d effect sizes, at a significance level of Results: Car drivers (mean age 39.2, driving experience 15.6 years, 70% male) and motorbike drivers (mean age 34.8, experience 12.4 years, 80% male) were studied. Motorbike drivers reported higher cervical pain on visual analogue scale (VAS) 5 compared to car drivers VAS 4. Inverse correlations between cervical pain and mobility were noted, with motorbike drivers showing significantly lower cervical mobility across all movements. Negative correlations varied in strength across different movements for both groups, generally more substantial for car drivers. Conclusion: This study highlights the association between cervical pain and reduced mobility among drivers, particularly motorbike drivers. Although causality cannot be determined, the findings support ergonomic interventions and driver education to promote better postures and musculoskeletal health.

Indexed as

Automobile DrivingCervical VertebraeNeck PainAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIndiaMaleMiddle AgedPain MeasurementPrevalenceRange of Motion, ArticularCar driversCervical mobilityErgonomicsMotorbike driversNeck pain

Identifiers

PMID41978888
PMCPMC13070313

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.