Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41978372›Full record

ArticleCanadian review of sociology = Revue canadienne de sociologie2026

Beyond Universities: Structural Stratification in Canadian Tertiary Education.

Roger Pizarro Milian, David Zarifa

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Canadian review of sociology = Revue canadienne de sociologie, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Roger Pizarro MilianDepartment of Leadership, Higher & Adult Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
David ZarifaDepartment of Sociology and Anthropology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Empirical analyses and theorizing of structural stratification in tertiary education have focused almost exclusively on universities. In doing so, such work ignores large swaths of the organizational field, including counterparts in the understudied community college, private career college, and theological sectors. Through this study, we re-examine structural stratification in Canadian tertiary education using a custom web-scraped dataset containing information on over 600 organizations spanning four distinct sectors. Using the social media followings of these organizations as a proxy for social status, we overcome hurdles that have historically prevented cross-sectoral analyses of structural stratification in this field. Using these data, we make multiple novel empirical observations. First, stratification in the private career college sector exceeds that detected anywhere else in this field. Second, observed levels of stratification among community colleges and universities are virtually indistinguishable. Third, structural stratification is most muted in the theological sector. We explore and theorize potential mechanisms that could be driving these trends, including mission drift, sector straddling, exposure to market forces and embeddedness in localized communities.

Indexed as

Canadaorganizationssocial mediastructural stratificationtertiary education

Identifiers

PMID41978372
PMCPMC13077266

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.