Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Used During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Instrumentation, Signal Metrics, Clinical Context, and Feasibility: A Scoping Review.

Zahra Askari, Mehdi Nourizadeh, Jacob Hutton, Sumaiya Hossain, Calvin Kuo, Jim Christenson, Brian Grunau, Babak Shadgan

Abstract readScoping Review

In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zahra AskariSchool of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.ORCID 0009-0006-6687-3017

Mehdi NourizadehInternational Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-2523-3199

Jacob HuttonDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-6387-8476

Sumaiya HossainSchool of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.ORCID 0009-0005-9940-0251

Calvin KuoSchool of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-8401-9136

Jim ChristensonDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-7126-6314

Brian GrunauDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-4103-1383

Babak ShadganSchool of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-3704-0367

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is guided primarily by process metrics that do not directly quantify cerebral hemodynamics or perfusion. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides continuous, non-invasive monitoring of regional tissue oxygenation and has emerged as a candidate modality for physiologic feedback during low-flow states. However, CPR applications vary across devices and signal processing. This scoping review maps how NIRS has been implemented during conventional CPR in humans and porcine models, with emphasis on instrumentation characteristics, signal processing, acquisition bandwidth, artifact handling, physiologic associations, and feasibility constraints. From 1048 records, 39 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most used forehead-based cerebral rSO

Indexed as

Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationAnimalsFeasibility StudiesHemodynamicsHumansMonitoring, PhysiologicOxygenSignal Processing, Computer-AssistedSpectroscopy, Near-InfraredSwineOxygencardiac arrestcardiopulmonary resuscitationcerebral oximetrymonitoringnear-infrared spectroscopyoptical sensing

Identifiers

PMID41977922

DOI10.3390/s26072136

PMCPMC13075027

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.