Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41977755›Full record

ArticlePlants (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Dissecting the Opposing Roles of Thermal Intensity and Growing Degree Days in Regulating Spring Wheat Protein Content.

Xuan Lei, Jun Ye, Xiaobing Wang, Wenjia Yang, Haibin Zhang, Xuanwei Zhao, Juan Liu, Tingjia Zhang, Zhenyu Zhang, Tingyu Ma and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Xuan LeiSchool of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010021, China.
Jun YeSchool of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010021, China.
Xiaobing WangKey Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control of Degraded Farmland of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China.
Wenjia YangThe Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.ORCID 0009-0000-0984-9690
Haibin ZhangKey Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control of Degraded Farmland of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China.
Xuanwei ZhaoKey Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control of Degraded Farmland of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China.
Juan LiuKey Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control of Degraded Farmland of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China.
Tingjia ZhangKey Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control of Degraded Farmland of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China.
Zhenyu ZhangKey Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control of Degraded Farmland of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China.
Tingyu MaKey Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control of Degraded Farmland of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China.
Cundong LiCollege of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
Xin GaoCollege of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China.
Juan LiSchool of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010021, China.
Zhanyuan LuSchool of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010021, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Protein content (PC) stability is crucial for wheat quality. This study utilized partial least squares regression and structural equation modeling to distinguish the physiological effects of "thermal intensity" versus "thermal accumulation" on spring wheat PC across Inner Mongolia. Environmental factors were the dominant drivers of variation. Notably, the Erguna region achieved the highest PC (18.53%) despite recording the lowest total growing degree days. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that thermal intensity during heading-to-anthesis exerted a strong positive effect on PC (path coefficient = 0.965), likely by enhancing nitrogen remobilization kinetics. Conversely, excessive thermal accumulation and sunshine duration during grain filling negatively impacted PC via a carbohydrate-driven "dilution effect". These findings suggest that superior PC formation requires a specific spatiotemporal coupling: high thermal intensity prior to anthesis to prime nitrogen transport, combined with low thermal accumulation post-anthesis to restrict carbon dilution. This study provides a physiological basis for optimizing wheat quality zoning by decoupling heat magnitude from duration under future climate scenarios.

Indexed as

climatic factorsprotein contentspring wheatstructural equation modeling

Identifiers

PMID41977755
PMCPMC13074442

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.