ArticlePolymers2026
A Glyoxal Based Co-Condensation Adhesive with Excellent Water Resistance Using Chitosan and Starch as Enhanced Agents.
Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
To address the hazards posed by formaldehyde emissions from wood-based products to human health and the indoor environment, research on wood adhesives has focused on developing green and eco-friendly alternatives. However, the limited water resistance and bonding strength of bio-based or glyoxal-based adhesives have hindered their practical application. In this work, a co-condensation method was employed to prepare glyoxal-based co-condensation adhesive incorporating starch and a small amount of chitosan as synergistic reinforcing agents to enhance their cross-linking extent. Considering cost control, the starch content was varied to adjust the adhesive properties. When the molar ratio of glyoxal to urea was 2:1 and the mass ratio of starch to urea was 0.5:1, the adhesive exhibited optimal bonding strength, reaching 1.48 MPa after immersion in cold water for 24 h and 0.91 MPa after treatment in 63 °C hot water for 3 h. These values exceeded the requirements of the Chinese national standard (GB/T 9846-2015, ≥0.7 MPa). Structural analysis indicated Schiff base and aldol condensation reactions among amino groups in chitosan and urea and hydroxyl and aldehyde groups in starch and glyoxal, forming chemical covalent cross-links that contributed to improved water resistance and bonding strength of plywood samples. Furthermore, the excellent penetration ability of the adhesive could promote the formation of a uniform and dense cross-linked network under hot-pressing conditions, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the plywood.
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