Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41977541›Full record

ArticlePolymers2026

Synthesis of Lignin and PLA/PBAT Films: Biodegradability and Environmental Impacts.

Nutchapon Chiarasamran, Ronnachai Jitsamut, Paweena Prapainainar, Anusith Thanapimmetha, Maythee Saisriyoot, Suraini Abd-Aziz, Chanin Khomlaem, Beom Soo Kim, Penjit Srinophakun

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Nutchapon ChiarasamranDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0002-6035-8528
Ronnachai JitsamutDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Paweena PrapainainarDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Anusith ThanapimmethaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Maythee SaisriyootDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0003-3479-821X
Suraini Abd-AzizDepartment of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-4202-9069
Chanin KhomlaemSustainable Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Sanamchandra Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0003-4911-1660
Beom Soo KimDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-7251-7231
Penjit SrinophakunDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0002-0754-1390

Funding

Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand NA
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We investigated the synthesis and characterization of biodegradable films composed of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), with lignin as a natural additive and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a compatibilizer. The PLA/PBAT ratio of 70:30 was optimized and the DCP was incorporated at different concentrations to enhance interfacial adhesion. The effects of lignin addition (0.005-0.02%) on the mechanical, thermal, and biodegradation properties were evaluated using SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA analyses. The optimal formulation had improved tensile strength, elongation at break, and thermal stability, with the highest degradation rate of 44.22% after 90 days of soil burial. Life cycle assessment using SimaPro software (SimaPro 9.1.1.1) and ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint indicated that the film containing 0.005% lignin had the lowest environmental impact. The primary environmental concerns were marine and freshwater ecotoxicity, associated with solvent use. Based on the results, incorporating small amounts of lignin enhanced the biodegradability and reduced the environmental footprint of the PLA/PBAT films, highlighting their potential for sustainable packaging applications.

Indexed as

biodegradationcompatibilizerlife cycle assessmentligninPBATPLA

Identifiers

PMID41977541
PMCPMC13075154

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.