Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41977492›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Exploratory Analysis of Inflammatory Biomarkers and Their Association with Psychological Burden in Mexican Informal Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Emergency Department.

José Juan Gómez-Ramos, Natali Montoya-Mendoza, Ana Miriam Saldaña-Cruz, Sergio Gabriel Gallardo-Moya, Omar Karim López-Barajas, Rafael Chávez-Moreno, Alejandro Marín-Medina

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

José Juan Gómez-RamosEspecialidad de Medicina de Urgencias, Adscrita al Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-6488-3023
Natali Montoya-MendozaEspecialidad de Medicina de Urgencias, Adscrita al Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.
Ana Miriam Saldaña-CruzDepartamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0003-2272-9612
Sergio Gabriel Gallardo-MoyaDepartamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-6831-8950
Omar Karim López-BarajasDepartamento de Urgencias, Hospital General de Zona 89, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara 44100, Jalisco, Mexico.
Rafael Chávez-MorenoLicenciatura en Médico Cirujano y Partero, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.ORCID 0009-0004-9238-2110
Alejandro Marín-MedinaDepartamento de Biología Molecular y Genómicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-6099-5650

Funding

University of Guadalajara 103MEDURG13
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This cross-sectional exploratory study aimed to explore the association between inflammatory biomarkers and multidimensional psychological burden in informal primary caregivers of dependent older adults in an emergency department. We included 78 caregivers and up to 89 controls. Multidimensional psychological burden (perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and caregiver burden) was assessed using standardized instruments. Morning serum levels of cortisol, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive Protein, were measured. Statistical analyses included between-group comparisons (Mann-Whitney U test), correlations (Spearman rank correlation coefficient), and hierarchical block regression adjusted for obesity, diabetes, and hypertension in the caregiver group. Multiplicity was addressed using the False Discovery Rate (FDR) procedure, and the findings were validated through 1000 bootstrap resamples. Caregivers had significantly higher levels of TNF-α compared to controls (

Indexed as

BiomarkersCaregiversInflammationStress, PsychologicalAgedAnxietyC-Reactive ProteinCross-Sectional StudiesEmergency Service, HospitalFemaleHumansHydrocortisoneInterleukin-6MaleMexicoMiddle AgedBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinHydrocortisoneInterleukin-6Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphabiomarkerscaregiversC-reactive proteininflammationInterleukin-6physiologicalpsychoneuroimmunologystresstumor necrosis factor-alpha

Identifiers

PMID41977492
PMCPMC13073660

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.