Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41977434›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Environmental Risks of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Elements: Occurrence, Fate, and Assessment.

Fiaz Ahmad, Azzam Fatima Zahra, Noreen Ashraf, Zafar Iqbal

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Fiaz AhmadKey Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
Azzam Fatima ZahraKey Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
Noreen AshrafKey Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
Zafar IqbalCentral Laboratories, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-7185-4060

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 32350410426
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have emerged as critical environmental contaminants posing serious ecological and public health concerns. The widespread occurrence and proliferation of ARB and ARGs in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and reclaimed wastewater (RWW) used for irrigation represent major pathways for their dissemination into the environment. Current knowledge indicates that ARGs from the environmental resistome can be transferred among diverse microbial communities, including clinically relevant human pathogens. Numerous studies have also linked the expansion of the environmental resistome to anthropogenic activities. Therefore, preventing and mitigating the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment requires a deeper understanding of how resistance genes evolve, transfer, and persist across ecological compartments. This review synthesizes the current state of knowledge on the occurrence, prevalence, and detection of antibiotics, ARB, and ARGs in various environmental matrices, providing essential insights for developing preventive strategies and promoting the sustainable management of ecosystems.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaDrug Resistance, BacterialDrug Resistance, MicrobialHumansRisk AssessmentWastewaterAnti-Bacterial AgentsWastewaterantibiotic resistancedisseminationenvironmental resistomepublic healthrisk assessment

Identifiers

PMID41977434
PMCPMC13073191

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.