Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41977309›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Modeled Aqueous Humor Protein Concentrations to Enable Biomarker Development in Uveal Melanoma.

Elaine Huang, Yilin Chen, Chen-Ching Peng, Donny Liang, Mark Reid, Atrey Khoche, Peter Kuhn, Jeremy Mason, Xuejuan Jiang, Jesse L Berry and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Elaine HuangThe Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7434-7144
Yilin ChenUSC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-1745-1405
Chen-Ching PengThe Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
Donny LiangBridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Mark ReidThe Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1942-225X
Atrey KhocheThe Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
Peter KuhnUSC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2629-4505
Jeremy MasonUSC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5933-5003
Xuejuan JiangUSC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5637-666X
Jesse L BerryThe Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8907-9100
Liya XuThe Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5501-2039

Funding

NIH NCI R41CA292143
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Uveal melanoma (UM) lacks minimally invasive and reproducible biomarkers to support clinical risk stratification, motivating the need for molecular profiling of aqueous humor (AH) as an alternative to fine-needle tumor aspiration (FNAB). This study aimed to generate a calibrated AH protein concentration map to identify tumor-associated signals present at clinically measurable levels and assess their associations with established molecular and clinical features. AH samples from 70 UM eyes were analyzed using next-generation sequencing-based proximity extension assays (PEAs), and leftover AH from 27 samples was further assessed using qPCR-based PEA to obtain reference concentration values. Regression models derived from overlapping proteins enabled extrapolation of calibrated pg/mL-level concentrations across the full cohort. Twenty-three proteins had median modeled concentrations above 5 pg/mL and were examined for clinical relevance and translational feasibility. Several proteins, including CXCL8, CXCL10, VEGFA, HGF, PDCD1, FLT1, FLT3LG, and CCL2, showed progressive increases from GEP1/PRAME- to GEP2/PRAME+ tumors and from AJCC Stage I/II to Stage III/IV, with Stage IV tumors demonstrating significant elevations in CXCL8, VEGFA, and PDCD1. Pathway analysis revealed activation of inflammatory and tumor microenvironment pathways, and upstream regulator analysis identified VEGFA and CCL2 as potential drivers. These findings demonstrate that calibrated AH proteomic profiling can identify clinically measurable protein changes associated with UM risk and stage, supporting its potential utility for biomarker development.

Indexed as

Aqueous HumorBiomarkers, TumorMelanomaUveal NeoplasmsAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedUveal MelanomaBiomarkers, Tumoraqueous humor proteomicsprotein concentration modelinguveal melanoma

Identifiers

PMID41977309
PMCPMC13073667

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.