Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41977288›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Graphene Far-Infrared Therapy Enhances Diabetic Wound Healing Through Potential Mitigation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and Regulation of Chemokines and Macrophage Polarization.

Xinyu Jian, Xuanjun Wu, Xian Luo, Chengwei Cao, Qianwen Wu, Ziwen Chen, Zhichao Hu, Hua Zhu, Binghui Wu

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xinyu JianInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.

Xuanjun WuInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.

Xian LuoInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.

Chengwei CaoInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.

Qianwen WuInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.

Ziwen ChenInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.

Zhichao HuInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.

Hua ZhuInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.

Binghui WuInnovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4015-9991

Funding

Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province RD 2020040101New Cornerstone Science Foundation Zheng nanfeng

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic diabetic wounds remain difficult to heal because persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired regeneration delay repair, while effective noninvasive options are limited. In this study, graphene-based far-infrared radiation (FIR) therapy was evaluated in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat full-thickness wound model, and mechanisms were examined in vivo and in vitro. Wound closure was quantified by serial imaging, whereas tissue remodeling and angiogenesis were assessed by H&E and Masson's trichrome staining and CD34-based analyses. Transcriptomic responses were profiled by RNA sequencing with qRT-PCR validation, immune phenotypes were characterized by immunofluorescence, and high-glucose cell assays were performed. Re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, and neovascularization were quantified histologically. These datasets enabled integrated evaluation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and repair programs over time. Graphene FIR accelerated closure, reaching 83.9% healing by day 14 vs. 66.8% in untreated controls. Treatment was associated with downregulation of Cxcl2/Cxcl3, suppression of M1 polarization with enhanced M2 polarization, and reduced ROS accumulation. Consistently, NF-κB signaling was inhibited, supporting restoration of a pro-regenerative microenvironment. Collectively, graphene FIR represents a promising noninvasive strategy for diabetic wound repair via coordinated immunomodulatory and antioxidant actions.

Indexed as

ChemokinesDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalGraphiteInflammationInfrared RaysMacrophagesOxidative StressWound HealingAnimalsMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySignal TransductionChemokinesGraphiteangiogenesisdiabetic wound healingfar-infrared radiation (FIR) therapyimmunomodulationNF-κB signalingreactive oxygen species

Identifiers

PMID41977288

DOI10.3390/ijms27073101

PMCPMC13073909

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.