Oxidation Behavior of Direct Reduced Iron Powder During Ball-Milling Treatment.

Qiao Liu, Zhikai Liang, Cheng Zhang, Xinyu Fu, Lingyun Yi, Zhucheng Huang, Jiayuan Li, Jun Chen

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Qiao LiuHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds and Applications, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China.

Zhikai LiangHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds and Applications, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China.

Cheng ZhangHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds and Applications, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China.

Xinyu FuHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds and Applications, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China.

Lingyun YiSchool of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.

Zhucheng HuangSchool of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.

Jiayuan LiHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds and Applications, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China.

Jun ChenHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds and Applications, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China.

Funding

Key Scientific Research Project of the Hunan Provincial Department of Education 23A0592Research Project of the Education Department of Hunan Province 21C0717the Innovation Training Program for College Students of Hunan University 202210545005

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

High-quality direct reduced iron (DRI) powder is essential for applications in catalysis, adsorption, and electromagnetic materials. However, its tendency to reoxidize during processing presents a significant challenge. This study investigates the oxidation behavior of DRI powder during wet ball-milling treatment. Samples were characterized using chemical phase dissolution, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to assess both bulk and surface oxidation. The results reveal that significant oxidation occurs during the wet grinding and subsequent processing stages, with the relative oxidation degree (ROD) of the iron powder increasing sharply from 6.08% to 26.81% as the grinding time is extended from 20 to 40 min. SEM-EDS analysis indicates that oxidation is particularly pronounced in particles smaller than 10 μm. XRD confirms the gradual transformation of Fe

Indexed as

direct reduced iron powderelectrochemical/atmospheric corrosionnanoscale surfaceoxidation behaviorwet grinding mill

Identifiers

PMID41976656

DOI10.3390/ma19071369

PMCPMC13074203

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.