Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41976563›Full record

ReviewFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Wine Bottle Refinement: A Review of Emerging Aging Strategies.

Nicola Mercanti, Gregori Lanza, Nathalie Pouzalgues, Monica Macaluso, Fabrizio Palla, Piero Giorgio Verdini, Angela Zinnai

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Nicola MercantiDepartment of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Gregori LanzaCentre du Rosé, 70 Avenue du Président Wilson, 83550 Vidauban, France.
Nathalie PouzalguesCentre du Rosé, 70 Avenue du Président Wilson, 83550 Vidauban, France.
Monica MacalusoDepartment of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7075-4252
Fabrizio PallaINFNPisa Section, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6361-438X
Piero Giorgio VerdiniINFNPisa Section, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0042-9507
Angela ZinnaiDepartment of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.

Funding

TIRAMISÙ PROJECT - Technological development of an innovative underwater wine-aging pro-cess, as a driver of competitiveness and attractiveness for the cross-border sous la mer area. IN-TERREG ITALY-FRANCE MARITIME PROGRAM 2021-2027. IN-TERREG ITALY-FRANCE MARITIME PROGRAM 2021-2027.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Wine bottle aging is governed by complex redox reactions involving phenolic compounds, oxygen transfer and storage conditions, which collectively determine the evolution of wine composition and sensory properties. This review critically examines the main oxidative mechanisms responsible for bottle aging and evaluates traditional and emerging strategies aimed at modulating the evolution of wine. Particular attention is paid to oxygen management, cork type, temperature and light exposure, as well as alternative approaches such as accelerated aging techniques and underwater storage. The available evidence suggests that most accelerated aging technologies fail to replicate the chemical pathways of natural in-bottle aging, often resulting in different aromatic profiles. Attention is paid to underwater aging, an emerging practice that combines specific conditions of temperature, light and limited oxygen availability. The results of the available studies indicate that underwater aging does not significantly alter the basic chemical parameters of wine, but can modulate its phenolic, chromatic and sensory evolution, suggesting a slowdown in oxidative processes compared to traditional aging in the cellar.

Indexed as

oxygen managementunderwater agingwine maturation

Identifiers

PMID41976563
PMCPMC13073995

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.