Impact of Lipid Source on Protein Digestion and Absorption in Skimmed Goat Milk and Associated Intestinal Oxidative Stress Responses in a Caco-2 Cell Model.

Haiyan Xue, Bowei Ding, Baoyuan He, Jun Ma, Yanhui Lian, Wenmin Dong

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Haiyan XueCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0899-7514

Bowei DingCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.

Baoyuan HeCollege of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.

Jun MaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.

Yanhui LianCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.

Wenmin DongCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.

Funding

College Students' Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Shaanxi University of Science and Technology S202410708180Doctoral Start-up Fund of Shaanxi University of Science and Technology 2023BJ-20Shaanxi Key Research and Development Program 2025CY-JJG-202Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Program 2024NCGJHX--17Yunlin Science and Technology Program 2024-CXY-153

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Liquid infant formula has garnered increasing attention due to its mild thermal processing and superior retention of bioactive nutrients. Within such matrices, the lipid source is a critical determinant of protein digestion behavior, yet its influence on peptide bioavailability and intestinal homeostasis remains undefined. Given that efficient peptide absorption is vital for the systemic delivery of bioactivity in infants, understanding the lipid-protein synergy is essential for formula optimization. Moreover, excessive oxidative stress is closely associated with impaired intestinal health and developmental disorders in infants, making the regulation of oxidative stress crucial for maintaining intestinal function. The present study evaluated the effects of three distinct lipid sources-soybean oil (SM), bovine milk fat (BM), and goat milk fat (GM)-on the physicochemical stability, proteolytic digestion, peptide release, intestinal absorption, and oxidative stress modulation of goat-milk-based infant formula. An integrated approach combining physicochemical characterization, in vitro simulated infant digestion, and a Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell model was employed. we demonstrate that all three lipids (3%

Indexed as

bioactive peptidesgoat-milk-based infant formulagoat milk proteinintestinal protectionin vitro simulated digestionlipid

Identifiers

PMID41976491

DOI10.3390/foods15071200

PMCPMC13072864

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LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.