Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41976394›Full record

ArticleCancers2026

Dissecting Sex Chromosome and Hormonal Contributions to Urethane-Induced Lung Tumorigenesis Using the Four Core Genotypes Mouse Model.

Maksat Babayev, Omar A Borges-Sosa, Carolyn D Ekpruke, Erik Parker, Dustin Rousselle, Lyidia Dinwiddie, Rachel Alford, Shikha Sharma, Praveen Chirumamilla, Michelle C Boulos and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Maksat BabayevDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2110-4218
Omar A Borges-SosaDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Carolyn D EkprukeDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9045-4457
Erik ParkerBiostatistics Consulting Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Dustin RousselleDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3377-9324
Lyidia DinwiddieDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Rachel AlfordDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Shikha SharmaDepartment of Forensic Science, Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
Praveen ChirumamillaDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Michelle C BoulosDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Aakash ParekhDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Matthew L RetznerDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Catherine R SearsPulmonary and Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5797-3458
James E KlaunigDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Sarah CommodoreDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Patricia SilveyraDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7083-8915

Funding

Indiana University Bloomington startup funds
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesSex differences in lung cancer incidence and outcomes are well recognized, yet the relative contributions of sex chromosomes and gonadal sex remain incompletely defined. We aimed to disentangle chromosomal complement and hormonal sex in urethane-induced lung tumorigenesis using the Four Core Genotypes mouse model.

methodsMice (6-8 weeks old) with independently varied chromosomal complement (XX vs. XY) and gonadal sex received urethane (1 g/kg body weight) weekly for 10 weeks and were evaluated after a 20-week latency period. Tumor multiplicity, tumor area, normalized tumor burden, and Ki-67 proliferation indices were quantified histologically. Hepatic

resultsTumor multiplicity (

conclusionsSex influenced survival independently of tumor burden, indicating that sex-associated differences in lung cancer outcomes are likely driven by systemic or microenvironmental factors rather than tumor-intrinsic growth mechanisms.

Indexed as

four core genotypesKRASlung tumorigenesismouse modelssex differencesurethane

Identifiers

PMID41976394
PMCPMC13072358

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.