ArticleCancers2026
Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients with Melanoma Treated with B-RAF/MEK Target Therapy: Occurrence and Circulating Immune Cell Analysis.
Article in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Dynamic Time-Resolved Remodeling of the Immune Microenvironment After Resistance to BRAF/MEK Inhibitors in Melanoma: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesBRAF and/or MEK inhibitors are widely used for patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma, but no biomarkers of response or resistance are currently available. Besides adverse events in different organs, target therapy with BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors may induce the onset of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that have been considered as possible biomarkers of good prognosis in patients with melanoma.
methodsTo investigate this aspect, we analyzed the occurrence of irAEs in a cohort of 158 patients treated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors. We also analyzed by flow cytometry the subsets of circulating immune cells in the patients who developed irAEs and matched controls.
resultsWe found that irAEs occurred in 3 out of 101 patients (3%) who experienced adverse events. These three patients did not exhibit any specific clinical features or circulating immune cell subtypes that could be associated with a positive response to treatment. However, the onset of toxicity in the entire patient cohort was associated with longer progression-free survival. Notably, the frequency of circulating follicular helper T cells increased in all examined patients during the first two months of treatment.
conclusionsThe small sample size prevents us from determining whether irAEs are effectively caused by BRAF/MEK inhibitors or if they are a random event. Additionally, we cannot conclude whether irAEs are related to a better outcome. Nevertheless, we note that BRAF/MEK inhibition may alter the composition of circulating immune cells in melanoma patients. This aspect should be investigated further before proposing combinations of target therapies and immunotherapies.
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