ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
Free Fatty Acids Induce Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis of Macrophages in Dairy Cows with Ketosis.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Dairy cows with ketosis display immune dysfunction and a high incidence of infectious diseases, which may partly be attributed to excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and apoptosis in macrophages. The objective of the present study was to assess the role of ERS in macrophage apoptosis of ketotic dairy cows. Compared with healthy cows, the apoptosis number of macrophages and the protein abundance of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6); the ratio of phosphorylated protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK)/PERK, phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (p-IRE1)/IRE1 and phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α)/eIF2α; and mean fluorescence intensity of C/EBP homology protein (CHOP) were greater in cows with clinically ketosis (CK). Treatment with FFA increased protein abundance of GRP78, CHOP, ATF6 and p-IRE1/IRE1, and mean fluorescence intensity of CHOP. Furthermore, FFA increased the protein abundance of cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) and mean fluorescence intensity of Caspase-3 but decreased the Bcl-2/Bax protein abundance ratio, which was accompanied by an increase in the number macrophage apoptosis. Inhibition of ERS via TUDCA attenuated the increased macrophage apoptosis and the activated apoptotic pathways induced by Tn or FFA. Thus, hyperphysiological concentrations of FFA induce apoptosis in macrophages by triggering ERS in ketotic dairy cows.
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