ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Trends in Unintentional Drowning Mortality Among U.S. Adults Aged ≥25 Years, 1999-2024: A U.S. Surveillance Analysis.
Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesDrowning is a leading preventable cause of unintentional injury death, yet U.S. prevention efforts have largely focused on children. Despite international declines in pediatric drowning mortality, adult trends remain poorly characterized. We examined long-term trends and disparities in unintentional drowning mortality among U.S. adults aged ≥25 years from 1999 to 2024.
methodsUsing CDC WONDER Multiple Cause of Death data, drowning deaths were identified using ICD-10 codes W65-W74, V90, and V92. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 were computed by direct standardization to the 2000 U.S. standard population. Joinpoint regression estimated the annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). Three sensitivity analyses assessed transport-related code exclusion, pandemic-era restriction, and multiple cause-of-death coding.
resultsDuring 1999-2024, 101,743 unintentional drowning deaths occurred among U.S. adults aged ≥25 years (76,554 males; 25,201 females), with 58.09% in natural water or outdoor settings. The overall AAMR showed a non-significant increase (AAPC: 0.55%,
conclusionsA significant upward trajectory has persisted since 2013, with marked disparities by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and geography. Adult-focused, equity-driven prevention strategies aligned with USNWSAP implementation are needed to address this underrecognized burden.
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