Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41975750›Full record

ReviewDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Who Actually Dies from Indoor Air Pollution? A Forensic Perspective.

Nicola Pigaiani, Andrea Costantino, Fabio Vaiano, Maria Grazia Fornasari, Ilenia Bianchi, Edoardo Orlandi, Fabrizio Carta, Francesco Ausania, Simone Grassi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Nicola PigaianiUnit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3186-4955
Andrea CostantinoForensic Medical Sciences, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3377-7997
Fabio VaianoForensic Medical Sciences, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9256-4326
Maria Grazia FornasariForensic Medical Sciences, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy.
Ilenia BianchiForensic Medical Sciences, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5407-2160
Edoardo OrlandiForensic Medical Sciences, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy.
Fabrizio CartaSezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1141-6146
Francesco AusaniaUnit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Simone GrassiForensic Medical Sciences, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2420-6658

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In high-income countries, humans are continuously exposed to indoor and outdoor air pollution. Chronic exposure to these airborne solids and gases from natural or artificial sources is related to higher mortality. The objective of this work is to critically assess whether the association between indoor air pollution and death can support robust causal inference from a strict medico-legal perspective. We conducted a narrative review of existing literature on reported health consequences, autopsy and histopathological findings potentially linked to indoor air pollution exposure, and dose-response relationships and examined their role in criminal liability in Western countries. Despite prevention measures and regulations, establishing criminal liability for indoor air pollution remains arduous beyond a reasonable doubt given associative epidemiological evidence, translational biases, and non-specific autopsy findings. Further research on non-linear models and targeted forensic investigations is warranted.

Indexed as

air pollutionautopsyindoor pollutionpost-mortem diagnosistoxicity

Identifiers

PMID41975750
PMCPMC13072956

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.