Observational studyCancer research communications2026
Association between Clostridioides difficile Test Positivity and Colorectal Cancer Incidence in a Multisite Hospital-Based Retrospective Cohort Analysis.
Observational study in Cancer research communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Emerging antimicrobial peptides in gastrointestinal disorders: Dual role in immunity and therapy.World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Review
- Association betweenmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sporadic colorectal cancer remains a significant driver of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Environmental factors associated with colorectal cancer are increasingly well-described and now include generalized colonic dysbiosis and individual enteric bacteria. Clostridioides difficile is one such species, with recent mouse model work suggesting prolonged exposure to C. difficile toxin B is conducive to colonic tumorigenesis. However, there is a dearth of real-world human evidence linking C. difficile exposure and colorectal cancer. Herein, we analyzed a multicenter, longitudinal, electronic health record-based dataset to test the association between C. difficile test positivity and the risk of incident colorectal cancer utilizing unadjusted and multivariable (controlled for clinical conditions independently associated with colorectal cancer development) Cox proportional hazard modeling to compare C. difficile exposed and nonexposed cohorts. We found that individuals who tested recurrently positive for C. difficile had a significantly increased risk of incident colorectal cancer [adjusted HR (aHR) 2.05 (95% confidence interval, 1.27-3.29)] compared with those who tested positive only once [aHR 0.70 (0.45-1.10)] or never. Furthermore, we found potential trends that the effect of C. difficile test positivity on the risk of incident colorectal cancer was stronger amongst females compared with males. These findings help translate emerging mouse model work on C. difficile-influenced colorectal tumorigenesis and lay groundwork for more substantial human investigations into this connection. These findings also may begin to help guide the personalized deployment of novel fecal microbiota-based therapies designed to interrupt the life cycle of C. difficile within the gut of human hosts and, potentially, prevent long-term health sequelae of chronic C. difficile infection. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings help translate emerging mouse model work on C. difficile-influenced colorectal tumorigenesis and lay groundwork for more substantial human investigations into this connection. These findings also may begin to help guide the personalized deployment of novel fecal microbiota-based therapies designed to interrupt the life cycle of C. difficile within the gut of human hosts and, potentially, prevent long-term health sequelae of chronic C. difficile infection.
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Registered trials
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