Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41975278›Full record

ArticleCellular & molecular biology letters2026

The role of the cGAS/STING pathway in skeletal muscle regeneration: modulation of inflammation, macrophage polarization, and oxidative stress.

Xiaoguang Liu, Hao Wang, Miaomiao Xu, Huan Wang, Haozhe Wang, Wenjun Fang, Mengqian Li, Jiongxing Huang, Huiguo Wang, Yang Yu and 1 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Cellular & molecular biology letters, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Xiaoguang Liu *School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0183-2100
Hao Wang *School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
Miaomiao Xu *Department of Physical Education, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, 510303, China.
Huan WangSchool of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
Haozhe WangSchool of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
Wenjun FangSchool of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
Mengqian LiSchool of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
Jiongxing HuangSchool of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
Huiguo WangSchool of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
Yang YuSchool of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
Lin ZhuSchool of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, China. 11251@gzsport.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 32300964
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSkeletal muscle regeneration is essential for restoring muscle structure and function following injury. This process is influenced by various signaling pathways. Recent studies suggest that cGAS/STING signaling, which is known for its role in innate immunity, may also play a crucial role in tissue regeneration. This study investigated the regulatory role of the cGAS/STING pathway in skeletal muscle regeneration.

methodsSkeletal muscle injury was induced via intramuscular injection of cardiotoxin (CTX) into the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of mice. Genetic knockout models of cGAS and STING, as well as treatment with a STING agonist (DMXAA), were used to explore the role of the pathway in muscle regeneration. Histological analysis, flow cytometry, RNA extraction, and gene expression analysis were performed to evaluate muscle tissue morphology, macrophage infiltration, and the expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.

resultsSTING expression was significantly increased following injury. Treatment with a STING agonist impaired muscle regeneration, characterized by reduced muscle fiber dimensions, elevated pro-inflammatory macrophage infiltration, and increased oxidative stress. In contrast, cGAS or STING knockout enhanced muscle regeneration and promoted the accumulation of anti-inflammatory macrophages.

conclusionsThe cGAS/STING pathway plays a critical role in skeletal muscle regeneration by influencing inflammation, macrophage polarization, and oxidative stress.

Indexed as

InflammationMacrophagesMembrane ProteinsMuscle, SkeletalNucleotidyltransferasesOxidative StressRegenerationAnimalscGAS-STING Signaling PathwayCyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate SynthaseMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutSignal TransductionSTING ProteincGAS protein, mouseCyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate SynthaseMembrane ProteinsNucleotidyltransferasesSting1 protein, mouseSTING ProteincGASMacrophagesRegenerationSkeletal muscleSTING

Identifiers

PMID41975278
PMCPMC13281308

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.