ArticleAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry2026
Development of electromembrane extraction using deep eutectic solvents for 22 representative veterinary drug residues in honey, milk, and eggs.
Article in Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
The widespread occurrence of veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods demands analytical methods that are not only sensitive and reliable, but also efficient and environmentally sustainable. To meet this need, this study developed a novel high-throughput platform based on 96-well electromembrane extraction (EME) using a designed deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of 6-methylcoumarin and thymol (1:1, w/w) as a green and efficient supported liquid membrane. When coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the proposed DES-EME method enabled the simultaneous determination of 22 veterinary drugs in three kinds of complex food samples: honey, milk, and eggs. Under optimized conditions (10 mM trifluoroacetic acid, 50 V, 15 min), the method demonstrated excellent analytical performance, featuring wide linear ranges of 0.01-100 ng/mL with r ≥ 0.993, and limits of quantification (LOQs) expressed as original sample concentrations of 1.0 ng/g for honey and 25 ng/g for milk and eggs. Recoveries ranged from 40 to 99%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 13% for most analytes. An AGREEprep score of 0.67 confirmed the greenness of the method, highlighting strengths in energy efficiency, sample throughput, and sustainability. Collectively, this work demonstrates that DES-EME represented a viable and sustainable approach for monitoring veterinary drug residues in complex food matrices.
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