Multimodal graphene oxide nanoplatform integrating proteasome inhibition and phototherapy for synergistic oral cancer treatment.

Shishira P S, Zinataman Sarkar, Varshini Are, Bhavesha Chanchlani, Ankita Ghosh, Swati Biswas

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shishira P SNanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India.

Zinataman SarkarNanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India.

Varshini AreNanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India.

Bhavesha ChanchlaniNanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India.

Ankita GhoshFIIT JEE Junior College, Saifabad, Hyderabad, 500004, Telangana, India.

Swati BiswasNanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India. swati.biswas@hyderabad.bits-pilani.ac.in.

Funding

Indian Council of Medical Research 2023-0086/F1

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multimodal therapeutic approaches hold the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment. Herein, we developed a chemo-photothermal-photodynamic therapeutic platform by loading a proteome inhibitor, BTZ, and photodynamic agent, IR820, into polydopamine-coated graphene oxide to form GO@PDA (BTZ, IR820) NPs. The developed NPs exhibit smaller particle size, homogeneous morphology, and laser-mediated drug release. The GO@PDA (BTZ, IR820) NPs exhibited an optimal photothermal conversion efficiency of 54.18%. GO@PDA (BTZ, IR820) NPs enhanced the uptake in the human hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (FaDU) spheroids and exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity (IC50: 18.53 ng/ml in the presence of laser). In vitro study in FaDU spheroid models also demonstrated mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cell cycle arrest, leading to cancer cell death. The developed NPs also exhibited the BTZ-mediated expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins, including CHOP, PERK, and BiP, leading to ER stress-mediated cell death in FaDU multicellular spheroids. The developed nanoplatform offers a synergistic multimodal therapeutic strategy and holds potential for tumor ablation in oral cancer.

Indexed as

GraphiteMouth NeoplasmsNanoparticlesPhototherapyCell Line, TumorCombined Modality TherapyEndoplasmic Reticulum StressHumansIndolesPhotochemotherapyPolymersProteasome Endopeptidase ComplexReactive Oxygen SpeciesSpheroids, Cellulargraphene oxideGraphiteIndolespolydopaminePolymersProteasome Endopeptidase ComplexReactive Oxygen SpeciesChemotherapyMultimodal therapyOral cancerPhotodynamic therapyPhotothermal therapy

Identifiers

PMID41974823

DOI10.1038/s41598-026-43699-y

PMCPMC13234327

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.