Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41974678›Full record

ArticleTranslational psychiatry2026

R-loop landscapes in the developing human brain are linked to neural differentiation and cell type-specific transcription.

Elizabeth A LaMarca, Atsushi Saito, Amara Plaza-Jennings, Sergio Espeso-Gil, Allyse Hellmich, Michael B Fernando, Behnam Javidfar, Will Liao, Molly Estill, Kayla Townsley and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Translational psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Beyond the Synapse:International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Elizabeth A LaMarcaGraduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
Atsushi SaitoDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
Amara Plaza-JenningsGraduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
Sergio Espeso-GilNash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
Allyse HellmichNash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
Michael B FernandoGraduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4620-8048
Behnam JavidfarNash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
Will LiaoNew York Genome Center, New York, NY, 10013, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7574-4694
Molly EstillNash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
Kayla TownsleyGraduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
Anna FlorioDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
James E EthridgeNash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
Catherine DoCenter for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA.
Benjamin TyckoCenter for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA.
Li ShenNash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5190-2851
Atsushi KamiyaDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4274-5567
Nadejda M TsankovaNash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
Kristen J Brennand *Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. kristen.brennand@yale.edu.
Schahram Akbarian *Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. schahram.akbarian@mssm.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7700-0891

Funding

Project 3P50MH136297 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI ANDREW P LANE · 2024 to 2026
$12.8M
Higher Order Chromatin and Genetic Risk for SchizophreniaR01MH106056 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI AKBARIAN, SCHAHRAM, BRENNAND, KRISTEN JENNIFER · 2015 to 2023
$6.7M
Single Chromatin Fiber Sequencing and Longitudinal Epigenomic Profiling in HIV+ Brain Cells Exposed to Narcotic and StimulantDP1DA056018 · NIDA · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI Schahram Akbarian · 2022 to 2026
$5.9M
Targeting age and gender-dependent microglia-mediated mechanisms underlying postoperative cognitive impairment for treatment of delirium in the elderlyR01AG065168 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI KAMIYA, ATSUSHI · 2020 to 2024
$2.1M
Microglia-mediated adverse effect of cannabis on prefrontal cortex maturation and cognitive functionR01DA060630 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Atsushi Kamiya · 2025 to 2026
$1.4M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG065168NIDA NIH HHS DP1 DA056018NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA060630NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH136297NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH106056U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01AG065168U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Center for Information Technology (Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health) R01MH106056U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health (OER) 1U01DA048279
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Here, we construct genome-scale maps of R-loops, three-stranded nucleic acid structures comprised of a DNA/RNA hybrid and a displaced single strand of DNA, in both proliferative and differentiated zones of the human prenatal brain. We show that R-loops are abundant in the progenitor-rich germinal matrix and preferentially form at gene promoters slated for upregulated expression at later stages of differentiation, including numerous neurodevelopmental risk genes. RNase H1-mediated contraction of the genomic R-loop space in neural progenitors shifted differentiation toward the neuronal lineage and was associated with transcriptomic alterations, along with defective functional and structural neuronal connectivity in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, we conclude that R-loops are important for fine-tuning differentiation-sensitive gene expression programs of neural progenitor cells.

Indexed as

BrainFetusGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalNeurodevelopmentR-Loop StructuresAnimalsCell DifferentiationFemaleGenomeHumansInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsMiceNeural Stem CellsPregnancy

Identifiers

PMID41974678
PMCPMC13184278

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.