Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41974582›Full record

ArticleJournal of fish diseases2026

Dietary β-Glucan From the Marine Diatom Chaetoceros muelleri Enhances Immune Responses and Resistance of Nile Tilapia to Tilapia Lake Virus Infection.

Sulaiman Madyod, Suwanna Pholmai, Thitikorn Prombanchong, Patcharapon Laksana-Aut, Sasimanas Unajak, Ikuo Hirono, Suwit Wuthisuthimethavee

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of fish diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sulaiman MadyodCenter of Excellence for Aquaculture Technology and Innovation, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
Suwanna PholmaiFaculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
Thitikorn PrombanchongFaculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
Patcharapon Laksana-AutCenter of Excellence for Aquaculture Technology and Innovation, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
Sasimanas UnajakDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Ikuo HironoGraduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
Suwit WuthisuthimethaveeCenter of Excellence for Aquaculture Technology and Innovation, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3862-4997

Funding

Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, ThailandThe Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of dietary β-glucan derived from the marine diatom Chaetoceros muelleri on immune responses and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) infection. Juvenile tilapias were fed diets supplemented with 0.1% or 0.2% β-glucan for 14 days prior to viral challenge. Fish were subsequently challenged with TiLV and immune-related gene expression was analysed in spleen and liver tissues. Fish fed the 0.1% β-glucan diet showed significantly lower cumulative mortality (26.67%) compared with the control group (55.56%) and the 0.2% group (42.22%). Dietary β-glucan significantly influenced the expression of multiple immune-related genes including cytolytic (NCCRP-1), stress-related gene (Hsp70), antimicrobial protein (C-lysozyme), cytokine (IL-8), pattern recognition receptors (TLR3, TLR5, TLR9), signalling adaptor (myD88), antiviral effector (Mx, RSAD-2), adaptive immunity (IgM, CD4). Correlation heatmap and gene co-expression network analyses revealed coordinated immune regulation, with Mx, RSAD-2 and CD4 acting as central hub genes associated with antiviral defence pathways. These results demonstrate that moderate dietary supplementation with C. muelleri-derived β-glucan enhances immune responses and improves resistance to TiLV infection in Nile tilapia, supporting its potential application as a functional feed additive in tilapia aquaculture.

Indexed as

beta-GlucansCichlidsDiatomsDisease ResistanceFish DiseasesImmunity, InnateRNA Virus InfectionsAnimal FeedAnimalsDietDietary SupplementsImmunonutrition Dietbeta-GlucansChaetoceros muelleriimmune gene expressionimmunostimulantNile tilapiaTilapia Lake virusβ‐glucan

Identifiers

PMID41974582
PMCPMC13431851

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.