Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41974030›Full record

ReviewHepatology communications2026

The global epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Muhammad Ali Butt, Elizabeth S Aby, Jose D Debes

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Hepatology communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Ferroptosis in liver biology and diseases.Hepatology communications · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Muhammad Ali ButtDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Transplant Hepatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Elizabeth S AbyDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Transplant Hepatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Jose D DebesDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major global cause of cancer morbidity and mortality, with marked geographic heterogeneity in incidence and outcomes. The highest age-standardized incidence and mortality rates persist in East Asia and across much of Africa. In contrast, Europe and North America exhibit moderate incidence, while Latin America and Oceania represent intermediate-burden regions with important subregional heterogeneity, with higher mortality concentrated in underserved, rural, Indigenous, and remote populations. Globally, the etiologic landscape of HCC is shifting from predominantly infection-related toward metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-associated liver disease. Rural-urban disparities further exacerbate global HCC burden through gaps in vaccination coverage, antiviral access, diagnostic infrastructure, and specialty care, leading to later-stage presentation and poorer outcomes. In this review, we describe the epidemiological changes in HCC across different areas of the world, focusing on region-specific issues and identifying key aspects of epidemiological transition.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularGlobal HealthLiver NeoplasmsHumansIncidenceage-standardized incidence ratealcohol-associated liver diseaseetiologyglobal epidemiologyhepatocellular carcinomametabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver diseaseviral hepatitis

Identifiers

PMID41974030
PMCPMC13075906

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.