ArticlePloS one2026
Recurrent episodes of pneumonia are associated with worse lung function in people with HIV.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHIV is associated with a decreased diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco), decreased spirometry, and an increased risk for developing obstructive lung disease, even in never-smokers. Pneumonia is a risk factor for impaired pulmonary function in people with HIV (PWH), but whether recurrent pneumonia results in a commensurate decline in lung function is unknown.
methodsWe reviewed the electronic medical records and PFT data for PWH in San Francisco, CA. Participants were categorized by number of pneumonias since HIV diagnosis. We analyzed the association between the number of pneumonias and lung function using linear and logistic regression models after adjusting for substance use and HIV-associated factors.
resultsAmong 259 participants, the mean age was 51 years, 15% were female, and 42% were current smokers. One hundred (39%) participants had no prior pneumonia, 52 (20%) had 1 pneumonia, 50 (19%) had 2 pneumonias and 57 (22%) had ≥3 pneumonias. Multiple pneumonias were associated with a stepwise decline in FEV1, FVC, and DLCO %predicted (p-trend <0.001 for all) when controlling for demographic and clinical covariates. Having ≥3 pneumonias was associated with 2.84 higher odds of airflow obstruction (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < LLN, 95% CI 1.02, 8.23) as well as 5.53 higher odds of impaired DLco (DLco < LLN, 95% CI 2.29, 14.0) compared to those who never had pneumonia. There were no significant differences in PFT outcomes between participants with bacterial pneumonia versus Pneumocystis pneumonia during their first episode.
conclusionIn PWH with a high prevalence of inhalational substance use, recurrent episodes of pneumonia are associated with a commensurate decline in lung function in PWH characterized by airflow obstruction and diffusion limitations. While further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism, this work highlights the importance of preventing recurrent pneumonia in PWH in order to preserve lung function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.