Observational studyInfection2026
Correlation of brain injury biomarkers with brain dysfunction, brain injury, and outcomes in critically ill patients: a post hoc exploratory analysis.
Observational study in Infection, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06749483 (The Gut Microbiome - Source of Sepsis and Novel Target in Intensive Care Units? Research on Human Tissue, Body Fluids, Neuropsychological Assessment and Brain Imaging), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Gut Microbiome - Source of Sepsis and Novel Target in Intensive Care Units? Research on Human Tissue, Body Fluids, Neuropsychological Assessment and Brain Imaging
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- AKI as a systemic syndrome and its impact on other organ systems.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeClinical assessment of brain dysfunction in critically ill patients is frequently limited by impaired consciousness and poor compliance. Blood-based biomarkers may facilitate detection of neurocognitive impairment, quantify structural brain injury, and improve prognostication. This study evaluated the potential diagnostic role of validated brain injury biomarkers compared with routine diagnostics in critically ill patients.
methodsWe performed a single-center post hoc analysis of a prospective observational sepsis study conducted in two perioperative ICUs. Critically ill patients with and without sepsis were included. Delirium was assessed using validated tools and structural brain injury was evaluated from radiology reports. Biomarkers-neurofilament light chain (NfL), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Tau-were measured at two time points (enrollment and day 7). Neurological outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). 90-day mortality was recorded.
results90 patients were analyzed (60 with, 30 without sepsis). Delirium occurred in 54.4% and structural brain injury in 42.2%. At ICU discharge, 23.3% had favorable neurological outcomes. NfL levels were higher in septic patients with delirium (p = 0.038). GFAP was significantly elevated in patients with structural brain injury (p < 0.001). All biomarkers showed prognostic potential; GFAP demonstrated the strongest association with unfavorable outcome (aOR 5.11, 95% CI 1.57-22.33). GFAP and UCH-L1 improved AUC in reference model 1 (age + SOFA), while all four biomarkers improved AUC in models 2 (age + GCS) and 3 (APACHE-II) for predicting poor outcome and 90-day mortality.
conclusionBrain injury biomarkers correlate with delirium and structural injury and may enhance outcome prediction in heterogeneous critically ill patients.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov. NCT06749483. Study Registration Date: 23 December 2024.
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