ArticleJournal of epidemiology and global health2026
Distribution of Abnormal Hemoglobins in Saudi Arabia: Analysis of Private Sector Laboratory Data.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and global health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHemoglobinopathies are inherited blood disorders causing both a global and regional burden on health care systems and on affected individuals. Our study describes the epidemiological and statistical distribution of hemoglobin patterns in individuals referred to a large private-sector laboratory network in Saudi Arabia.
objectiveOur study investigates the distribution of hemoglobin patterns among individuals tested at Alborg laboratories, their Complete Blood Count (CBC) parameters as well as regional distributions.
methodsThis is a retrospective analysis of a 10-year database that included demographic data, hemoglobin electrophoresis patterns, CBC parameters and ferritin levels.
resultsA total of 83,821 individuals were included in the study, of which 53.6% were females with a mean age of 23 years old. The normal hemoglobin pattern was most frequent (63.7%), followed by Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) (19.96%), Thalassemia trait (8.37%), and Sickle Cell Trait (SCT) (5.28%). As for regional data, the largest number of samples came from Makkah (38.5%), followed by Eastern Region (30.2%) then Al-Riyadh (9.3%), collectively representing 78% of the total sample. Highest mean hemoglobin values were found in patients with normal hemoglobin pattern (12.5 g/dL) and the lowest was in the HPFH group (7.8 g/dL).
conclusionThis large, multi-regional private-sector study demonstrates the national hemoglobin patterns of individuals undergoing laboratory testing, with geographic patterns of abnormal hemoglobins that parallel those reported in former public-sector national screening programs. These findings may inform targeted screening, counseling and resource allocation strategies in Saudi Arabia.
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