ArticleFish physiology and biochemistry2026
Menthol-induced sedation and hemodynamic safety limits in Nile tilapia: defining a therapeutic window.
Article in Fish physiology and biochemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Menthol, a natural monoterpene extracted from Mentha species, has gained attention as an alternative sedative and anesthetic in aquaculture. However, its physiological safety range and potential sublethal toxicity remain insufficiently defined. This study investigated the cardiac and behavioral effects of menthol sedation in Oreochromis niloticus, aiming to identify a therapeutic window and elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. Juvenile fish were exposed to graded concentrations of menthol (100-250 mg/L) to evaluate induction and recovery times, cardiac rhythm stability, and electrocardiographic parameters, including heart rate, QRS amplitude, and PQ and QT intervals. Additional assays with the GABA
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