ReviewInternational urogynecology journal2026
Does the Addition of Vaginal Oestrogen to Anticholinergic Medication Improve Overactive Bladder Symptoms? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in International urogynecology journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisAnticholinergics and β3 agonists are the mainstay of medical treatment for overactive bladder symptoms (OAB). Vaginal oestrogen has been shown to improve OAB symptoms. This review evaluated combination therapy (vaginal oestrogen + OAB medication) versus monotherapy.
methodsThe project was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023462373). A literature search of Embase, MEDLINE and CINAHL was conducted. Articles were screened independently by two reviewers according to PRISMA guidelines. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager (RevMan v5.4.1, Cochrane Collaboration). Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
resultsInitial search yielded 17 results. After screening, six articles were included in qualitative synthesis and four in quantitative synthesis. Five studies were randomised controlled trials, and one was non-randomised. All articles were of good quality (≥ 7 points Newcastle-Ottawa scale). Total number of participants was 544. Four studies reported that combination therapy is associated with significantly greater improvements in OAB symptoms, health-related quality of life (HRQL) and/or sexual function. Two studies reported no significant difference in OAB symptoms between monotherapy and combination therapy. Pooled analysis showed a significant reduction in urinary frequency with combination therapy compared with monotherapy (SMD -0.36 [-0.63, -0.08], p = 0.01, I
conclusionsCombination therapy may benefit urinary frequency but did not demonstrate significant improvement in overall OAB symptoms or HRQL. Further research is required to determine the benefit of vaginal oestrogen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.