Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41973092›Full record

ArticleJournal of anesthesia2026

Impact of prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications with penehyclidine inhalation on long-term outcomes in high-risk patients: follow-up of a randomized trial.

Xin-Quan Liang, Lin Han, Ting Yan, Chun-Li Shao, Jia-Hui Ma, Kun-Yao Yu, Dong-Xin Wang

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of anesthesia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03868709 (Impact of Prophylactic Penehyclidine Hydrochloride Inhalation on Long-term Outcome in High-risk Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03868709 phase4completednot on this map

Impact of Prophylactic Penehyclidine Hydrochloride Inhalation on Long-term Outcome in High-risk Patients: 3-year Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorPeking University First HospitalRan2019 to 2021Enrolled864ConditionsPostoperative Complications, Long-term OutcomeArmsPenehyclidine inhalation, Placebo inhalation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xin-Quan LiangDepartment of Anesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
Lin HanDepartment of Anesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
Ting YanDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
Chun-Li ShaoDepartment of Anesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
Jia-Hui MaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
Kun-Yao YuDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
Dong-Xin WangDepartment of Anesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. dxwang65@bjmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3205-1836

Funding

National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding No. 2022CR78National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 82293644
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposePostoperative pulmonary complications are common and associated with worse long-term outcomes. In our previous trial, prophylactic penehyclidine inhalation reduced pulmonary complications in high-risk patients. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that penehyclidine inhalation might also improve long-term survival after surgery.

methodsThis was a long-term follow-up of a randomized trial. We enrolled 864 patients aged more than 50 years who were scheduled for major upper-abdominal or non-cardiac thoracic surgery and judged to be at high risk of pulmonary complications. Participants were randomized to receive either penehyclidine or placebo inhalation during the perioperative period. The primary endpoint was overall survival after surgery. Secondary endpoints included recurrence-free and event-free survivals.

resultsAmong patients included in the underlying trial, 826 (mean age 64 years, 63.0% male, and 87.2% had cancer surgery) completed long-term follow-up (median 56 months). At the end of the follow-up period, there were 132 deaths among 417 patients (31.7%) given penehyclidine compared with 127 deaths among 409 patients (31.1%) given placebo (hazard ratio 1.01; 95% CI 0.79-1.28; P = 0.958). Recurrence-free survival was 153/417 (36.7%) with penehyclidine versus 147/409 (35.9%) with placebo (hazard ratio 1.01; 95% CI 0.81-1.27; P = 0.934). Event-free survival was 187/417 (44.8%) with penehyclidine versus 174/409 (42.5%) with placebo (hazard ratio 1.04; 95% CI 0.85-1.28; P = 0.689).

conclusionsIn high-risk patients undergoing major upper-abdominal or non-cardiac thoracic surgery mainly for cancer, prophylactic penehyclidine inhalation did not improve long-term survival. Current evidence does not support its routine perioperative use to enhance long-term outcomes in this population.

trial registrationClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT03868709; March 3, 2019.

Indexed as

InhalationLong-term outcomesPenehyclidinePostoperative pulmonary complicationsSurgerySurvival

Identifiers

PMID41973092

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