Engineering iodine and nitrogen co-doped carbonized polymer dot nanozyme as multivariable sensing probes for multimodal determination of dihydroxybenzene isomers.

Chaohui Zhou, Wanting Zhang, Chao Li, Nengqin Jia

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Article in Mikrochimica acta, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 authors.

Chaohui ZhouThe Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.

Wanting ZhangThe Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.

Chao LiThe Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.

Nengqin JiaThe Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China. nqjia@shnu.edu.cn.

Funding

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Highly toxic dihydroxybenzene (DHB) isomers pose significant environmental and human health risks, necessitating development of simple, rapid and on-site detection methods to discriminate the DHB isomers. In this work, a novel multivariable sensing platform based on iodine (I) and nitrogen (N) co-doped carbonized polymer dots (DP CPDs) nanozyme was constructed for multimodal on-site and visual determination of dihydroxybenzene isomers. The DP CPDs with excellent peroxidase (POD)-like activity and fluorescence properties were firstly synthesized using diatrizoic acid and polyethyleneimine as precursors. Notably, the DP CPDs nanozyme demonstrates high efficacy in catalyzing H2O2, enabling the production of various reactive oxygen species, which can specifically oxidize catechol (CC) into red-brown benzoquinone products. Inspired by this, we developed a portable dual-mode colorimetric sensor combining solution-phase detection with smartphone-assisted paper-based analysis for realtime on-site CC monitoring in environmental water. Meanwhile, hydroquinone (HQ) mediates reductive decolorization of blue oxTMB and induces fluorescence quenching in DP CPDs through the synergistic inner filter effect (IFE) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanisms. This dual-response mechanism enables establishment of a self-validating colorimetric-fluorescent dual-mode assay for HQ detection. By incorporating a multivariable sensing strategy (including multiple independent color and fluorescence parameters) and multimodal signal output, this multivariable sensing system demonstrates rapid and selective detection of HQ and CC, achieving high sensitivity and satisfactory recoveries in real water samples.

Indexed as

Carbonized polymer dot nanozymesDihydroxybenzene isomersDual-mode colorimetric detectionFluorescence detectionMultimode sensingMultivariable response signalSmartphone-assisted paper-based analysis

Identifiers

PMID41973086

DOI10.1007/s00604-026-08039-x

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