Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41972901›Full record

ArticleEpilepsia2026

Targeted senotherapy improves electrographic and behavioral outcomes in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

David J McFall, Abbas I Hussain, Michelle Cho, Patrick A Forcelli

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Epilepsia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

David J McFallInterdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2359-2810
Abbas I HussainDepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
Michelle ChoDepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
Patrick A ForcelliDepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1763-060X

Funding

Georgetown University Initiative for Maximizing Student Development (IMSD)T32GM144880 · NIGMS · GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY · PI MAGUIRE-ZEISS, KATHLEEN ANNE, MCKINNEY, CALEB · 2022 to 2025
$1.5M
Pharmacological Sciences Training Program (PSTP)T32GM142520 · NIGMS · GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY · PI Patrick Alexander Forcelli, Anton Wellstein · 2022 to 2026
$1.3M
Targeting cellular senescence to prevent epileptogenesisR21NS125552 · NINDS · GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY · PI FORCELLI, PATRICK ALEXANDER · 2022 to 2022
$429k
Evaluating the contribution of senescent cells in a model of post-traumatic epilepsyF30NS143374 · NINDS · GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY · PI David John McFall · 2025 to 2026
$74k
NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM142520NIGMS NIH HHS T32GM142520NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM144880NIGMS NIH HHS T32GM144880NINDS NIH HHS F30 NS143374NINDS NIH HHS F30NS143374NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS125552NINDS NIH HHS R21NS125552
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveCurrent pharmacotherapy for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is limited to symptomatic treatment and leaves approximately one third of patients with inadequate seizure control. Discovering disease-modifying targets is an unmet clinical need. We have previously identified senescent cells (SCs) as one such target. Many drugs that eliminate SCs (senolytics) interfere with apoptotic resistance proteins, potentially resulting in broad cytotoxicity and numerous side effects. Newer, more targeted therapies, like selective senescence killing compound 1 (SSK1), a gemcitabine prodrug that is selectively activated in SCs, offer the possibility to reduce off-target effects, but SSK1 has yet to be investigated in any preclinical epilepsy model.

methodsWe used pilocarpine to induce status epilepticus (SE) in 3- to 4-month-old mice. Immediately following SE, mice were randomly assigned to receive either SSK1 treatment or vehicle for the remainder of the study. We assessed behavioral performance on memory tasks, seizure burden by EEG, and histological markers of SCs.

resultsSE robustly increased hippocampal and thalamic expression of SC marker p16 by over 100% compared to saline controls. SSK1 treatment reduced p16+ cells by ~45%, without any apparent neurotoxicity. In addition, SSK1 treatment normalized spatial memory impairments and reduced spontaneous seizure burden, completely protecting a majority (60%) of animals from seizures. SC burden in the hippocampus, but not the thalamus, correlated with seizure burden in vehicle-treated animals. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings lend further credence to the viability of targeting SCs to treat TLE. As with other genetic and pharmacologic SC ablation strategies, SSK1 produced a similar reduction in p16+ cells and normalization of spatial memory. SSK1, however, displays a stronger protective effect against seizures. In short, SSK1 is a compelling, translationally viable option for senolysis in TLE.

Indexed as

Behavior, AnimalCellular SenescenceEpilepsy, Temporal LobeSenotherapeuticsStatus EpilepticusAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalElectroencephalographyHippocampusMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLPilocarpineThalamusPilocarpineSenotherapeuticsepileptogenesishippocampussenescenceSSK1

Identifiers

PMID41972901
PMCPMC13360942

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.