ArticleKorean circulation journal2026
Efficacy of Antimicrobial Envelopes in Preventing Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Article in Korean circulation journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Precision Prevention in CIED Infection: Interpreting the Signal Beyond the Pooled Estimate.Korean circulation journal · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesCardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections remain a significant complication of increasingly common CIED procedures. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic eluting envelopes (AEEs) in preventing CIED infections.
methodsA systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library was conducted from inception to September 2024. Human studies evaluating TYRX AEE or CanGaroo envelopes hydrated in antibiotics were eligible. Studies on CanGaroo envelope were excluded from meta-analysis. RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools were used to assess risk of bias.
resultsFourteen studies and 87,184 patients were included. AEE use did not result in statistically significant reduction in odds of any CIED infection over entire study duration (odds ratio [OR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49-1.08) or within 12 months (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.62-1.18), major CIED infection over entire study duration (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.44-1.22) or within 12 months (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.46-1.37), minor CIED infection (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.48-1.18) or mortality (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.60-1.88). However, in high infection risk patients, AEE use was associated with reduction in any infections over entire study duration (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.97) and within 12 months (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56-0.95).
conclusionsLimitations of this review include group difference and scarcity of data regarding comorbidities in some studiesk. Overall, AEE use is not effective in reducing odds of CIED infection, although it may benefit high infection risk patients.
trial registrationInternational Register of Prospective Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) Identifier: CRD42024588950.
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