ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Amino acid metabolism modulates macrophage polarization: implications for autoimmune-related diseases.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Protective effect of Glutamicibacter sp. ZY1 against Vibrio parahaemolyticus YDE17 pathogenicity in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Mechanism of Kushen Tongguan Pill on benign prostatic hyperplasia: roles of TLR4/NF-κB pathway and macrophage M1 polarization.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Amino acid metabolic reprogramming is an important component of immunometabolism. In addition to providing biosynthetic substrates and energetic support for macrophages, distinct amino acid metabolic pathways can also reshape the inflammatory and reparative functional states of macrophages by regulating redox homeostasis, epigenetic modifications, signal transduction, and the accumulation of metabolic intermediates. Despite rapid progress in this field, there remains a lack of systematic integration regarding how key metabolic axes, including arginine metabolism, tryptophan catabolism, and glutamine metabolism, coordinately or antagonistically drive macrophage functional reprogramming, as well as the conservation, heterogeneity, and translational significance of these changes across different autoimmune-related diseases. This review summarizes the roles of arginine, tryptophan, glutamine, branched-chain amino acid, serine/glycine/threonine, aspartate/asparagine, and sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism in the dynamic spectrum of macrophage polarization, and further outlines recent advances in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, autoimmune hepatitis, and vasculitis. This review emphasizes that amino acid metabolism is not an isolated regulatory module, but rather part of an interconnected network that, together with glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle anaplerosis, one-carbon metabolism, and lipid metabolism, determines macrophage fate. Given the existing differences in evidence strength and metabolic phenotypes among
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