ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Persistent immune dysfunction during suppressive antiretroviral therapy: implications for analytical treatment interruption trials for chronic HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Despite the success of long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART), immune dysfunction-including incomplete T helper cell recovery, immune activation, and inflammation-persists and may affect the benefits of analytical ART treatment interruption (ATI) trials among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This narrative review summarizes evidence of incomplete immune function recovery among PLHIV on long-term ART and potential interventions to enhance their ability to participate in ATI trials with immunotherapies in the quest for an HIV cure in SSA. Methods: A PubMed search query was used "([Immunity, Innate{MeSH Terms}] OR [Adaptive Immunity{MeSH Terms}] AND [HIV{MeSH Terms}] AND [Anti-HIV Agents{MeSH Terms}] AND [function{Title/Abstract} OR dysfunction{Title/Abstract} OR recovery{Title/Abstract} OR restoration{Title/Abstract} OR reconstitution{Title/Abstract} OR regeneration{Title/Abstract}])", which retrieved 165 articles. These articles were filtered using an English-language filter, resulting in 160 papers. This query was translated to Web of Science and Google Scholar. In addition, we conducted a specific literature search on documented "cured" HIV cases globally to understand innate and adaptive immune functions relevant to supporting post-ART immunological viral control. Results: Persistent dysfunction of host innate and adaptive immunity during suppressive ART is reported in SSA HIV treatment cohorts. Natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and monocyte dysfunction potentially limit post-ART viral control. In addition, persistently impaired CD4 and CD8 T-cell proliferation capacity, immune activation, and exhaustion during ART may limit host HIV-specific responses during ATI trials with broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) and therapeutic vaccines, thereby increasing the risk of post-ART viral rebound. Similarly, adjunct therapies with TLR7 agonists, such as vesatolimod, could potentially increase cytotoxic capabilities of dendritic and natural killer cells to improve HIV latency reversal and viral clearance during ART. Conclusion: Innovative combination immunotherapies to avert persistent immune dysfunction, such as therapeutic vaccines, combination bNabs, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitors to boost CD8
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.